# Instalación de MariaDB ## Instalación de MariaDB en Debian ### Instalación Ejecutaremos un update para asegurar que todos los paquetes está en la última versión, y que hay conectividad con el repositorio de Debian ``` apt-get update ``` A continuación ejecutaremos: Para realizar una instalación completa ``` apt-get install mariadb ``` Para instalar sólo el server ``` apt-get install mariadb-server ``` para que MariaDB se ejecute en el inicio del sistema: ``` systemctl enable mariadb ``` Y a continuación arrancamos MariaDB ``` systemctl start mariadb ``` Verificamos que el servicio está arrancado ``` root@mail:~# service mariadb status ``` Nos devolverá algo así: ``` root@mail:~# service mariadb status ● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.1.44 database server Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Fri 2020-02-21 21:39:04 CET; 12h ago Docs: man:mysqld(8) https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/ Main PID: 1309 (mysqld) Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..." Tasks: 35 (limit: 4915) CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service └─1309 /usr/sbin/mysqld feb 21 21:38:53 mail systemd[1]: Starting MariaDB 10.1.44 database server... feb 21 21:38:56 mail mysqld[1309]: 2020-02-21 21:38:56 140676162280576 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 10.1.44-MariaDB-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) starting as process 1309 ... feb 21 21:39:04 mail systemd[1]: Started MariaDB 10.1.44 database server. feb 21 21:39:05 mail /etc/mysql/debian-start[2640]: /usr/bin/mysql_upgrade: the '--basedir' option is always ignored feb 21 21:39:05 mail /etc/mysql/debian-start[2640]: Looking for 'mysql' as: /usr/bin/mysql feb 21 21:39:05 mail /etc/mysql/debian-start[2640]: Looking for 'mysqlcheck' as: /usr/bin/mysqlcheck feb 21 21:39:05 mail /etc/mysql/debian-start[2640]: This installation of MySQL is already upgraded to 10.1.44-MariaDB, use --force if you still need to run mysql_upgrade feb 21 21:39:05 mail /etc/mysql/debian-start[2756]: Checking for insecure root accounts. feb 21 21:39:05 mail /etc/mysql/debian-start[2763]: Triggering myisam-recover for all MyISAM tables and aria-recover for all Aria tables ``` ### Asegurando MariaDB Para mejorar la seguridad de la instalación de MariaDB ejecuta el script mysql\_secure\_installation: ``` mysql_secure_installation ``` El script te pedirá que establezcas una contraseña para la cuenta root, elimina el usuario anónimo, restringe el acceso del usuario root a la máquina local y elimina la base de datos de prueba. Al final el script recargará las tablas de privilegios asegurando que todos los cambios surtan efecto inmediatamente ``` root@mail:~# mysql_secure_installation NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation. You already have a root password set, so you can safely answer 'n'. Change the root password? [Y/n] n ... skipping. By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y ... Success! By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y ... Success! Cleaning up... All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MariaDB! ```